Born in New York City in 1914, he was a prominent American director known for his socially conscious films. He started his career in theater and then transitioned to television and film. His work often focused on themes of justice and human dignity, reflecting his progressive beliefs. Some of his notable films include "Hud," "Norma Rae," and "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold." Over his career, he received numerous accolades and left a lasting impact on American cinema before passing away in 1990.