The Molly Maguires were a secret society of Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania during the 19th century, particularly active in the 1860s and 1870s. They protested against harsh working conditions, low wages, and the exploitation by coal mine owners. The group was known for employing sabotage and violence as tactics to fight for workers' rights and improve their living conditions. Their activities led to significant tensions with law enforcement and mine operators, ultimately resulting in a crackdown and the arrest of several members.

The Molly Maguires were named after a mythical Irish figure, Molly Maguire, who was said to lead a secret society fighting against injustices faced by Irish immigrants in the 19th century, particularly in the coal mining regions of Pennsylvania. The group, which emerged in the 1860s, employed tactics such as intimidation and violence to combat oppressive labor conditions and exploitation by mine owners. Their name symbolized resistance against the harsh realities of their lives, reflecting the struggles of Irish-American workers during that era.

The Molly Maguires were a secret society of Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania during the 19th century, known for their activism and resistance against oppressive working conditions. They were active primarily in the 1860s and 1870s and were ultimately disbanded after a series of arrests and trials, including the execution of several members. Today, the Molly Maguires as a group no longer exist, but their legacy lives on in labor history and the ongoing struggle for workers' rights.

In the movie "The Molly Maguires," which is based on real historical events, four members of the Molly Maguires were sentenced to death. The film portrays the struggles of Irish immigrant coal miners in Pennsylvania during the 19th century, focusing on their secret society's efforts to fight against oppressive working conditions. The story highlights the conflicts between the miners and the coal company, ultimately leading to the arrests and trials of the Mollies, culminating in the death sentences for those convicted.