"Memoirs of a Geisha" faced controversy primarily due to its casting choices and cultural representation. Critics pointed out that the film featured a predominantly non-Japanese cast, with Chinese actresses like Zhang Ziyi in lead roles. This raised concerns about "whitewashing" and misrepresentation of Japanese culture. Additionally, some Japanese audiences felt the film perpetuated stereotypes and inaccuracies about geisha life. Despite its artistic merits, these issues sparked significant debate about authenticity and cultural sensitivity in Hollywood adaptations.

"Memoirs of a Geisha," based on the novel by Arthur Golden, is a fictional story, although it incorporates elements of real Japanese culture and history. The protagonist, Sayuri, is a fictional character, but the story is set against the backdrop of Japan's geisha traditions and historical events, particularly during World War II. The author consulted with a former geisha, Mineko Iwasaki, whose experiences influenced some aspects of the narrative. However, Iwasaki later distanced herself from the book due to inaccuracies in its portrayal of geisha life.

In "Memoirs of a Geisha," the character Sayuri, played by Ziyi Zhang, has blue contact lenses, which are not representative of traditional Japanese features. This choice was made to emphasize her otherworldly beauty and to appeal to Western audiences. The blue eyes symbolize her uniqueness and the fantasy element of the story, as it portrays her as an idealized figure. The film, based on Arthur Golden's novel, blends historical and fictional elements, and the blue eyes serve to visually distinguish Sayuri in her journey.

"Memoirs of a Geisha" explores themes of identity, resilience, and the complexities of love and sacrifice. Set against the backdrop of Japan's changing society, it follows the life of Chiyo, a young girl sold into the geisha profession, who transforms into the celebrated geisha Sayuri. The film highlights her struggles with personal and societal expectations, the pursuit of her dreams, and her longing for a man she loves. Ultimately, it reflects on the interplay of beauty, power, and the bittersweet nature of life.