Born in 1952 in Beijing, he is a prominent Chinese film director and a leading figure of the Fifth Generation movement. He studied at the Beijing Film Academy and gained recognition with films like "The Horse Thief" (1986) and "The Blue Kite" (1993), the latter of which was banned in China for its critical portrayal of political upheaval. Known for his artistic and often controversial works, he explores themes of history and culture. He has also contributed as a producer and mentor to emerging filmmakers.